同义搜索: 螺旋藻
另可见: 用于控制体重的蓝绿藻

•简介　　　　•生长区域　　　　•用途　　　　•缺乏人群
•服用剂量　　•副作用与药物相互作用　　　　 •参考文献

简介

　　蓝绿藻家族拥有1500多种显微水生植物，螺旋藻是其中比较有名的。人类食用的最常见的两种类为Spirulina maxima和Spirulina platensis。螺旋藻富含蛋白质，还含有胡萝卜素、维生素、矿物质和必须脂肪酸。[1]

　　螺旋藻中所含的维生素B12并不能很容易地被人体利用。[2]关于螺旋藻及其它蓝绿藻补充剂有利于健康的说法大多数来自于民间传闻，而较少来自于严谨的科学研究。试管研究和动物研究已经证明了大量摄入螺旋藻或螺旋藻提取物可有多种功用，其中包括抗氧化，[3]抗病毒，[4,5]抗癌，[6,7,8,9]抗过敏，[10,11]提高免疫力，[12,13,14]保护肝脏，[15,16,17]扩血管，[18]以及降血脂[19,20]等作用。

　　一项小规模对照研究发现，超重人群每日服用8.4g螺旋藻，服用4周后，体重平均减少3磅，而安慰剂组仅减少1.5磅，但是这个差异并未达到统计学显著水平，而且研究中也未发现螺旋藻对降血压或降血清胆固醇有作用。[21]之后又有一项对照试验让受试者每日服用4.2g螺旋藻，服用8周后，发现他们的血清胆固醇小幅下降，但是血清甘油三酸酯、血压和体重均未变化。[22]

生长区域

　　蓝绿藻生长在美洲中部和南美洲、非洲的湖泊中，尤其是盐含量高的湖泊。它们也可以生长在室外池塘里，收获后可用于制造营养补充剂。

蓝绿藻可用于下列疾病： (请参考个人健康问题以获取该疾病的完全信息)

哪些人群存在缺乏？

　　因为蓝绿藻并不是人体必须营养素，因此不存在缺乏的问题。但是，对于那些每天不进食各种蔬菜的人群来说，服用蓝绿藻可以补充类胡萝卜素和其它营养素。另外，蓝绿藻是一种完全蛋白质，因此它可以用以代替健康饮食中的某些蛋白质。

一般需要服用多少量？

　　蓝绿藻的服用形式有粉末型或薄片型、胶囊或片剂。制造商的推荐用量为每日2000-3000mg，可分次服用。但是，动物研究显示，对于一个体重150磅的人来说，每日至少服用34g甚至更多才能起到相应的效果。

有无副作用或不良反应？

　　蓝绿藻的副作用比较少见。但是，因为蓝绿藻生活在受污染的水域里会积聚重金属，所以食用蓝绿藻会增加体内铅、汞和钙的负荷，[23]生活在未受污染水域中的蓝绿藻也有同样问题。[24]对市场上的螺旋藻抽样后发现，这些螺旋藻中也有动物毛发和昆虫碎片的污染。[25]另外还有一种备受欢迎的蓝绿藻——水华束丝藻(Aphanizomenon flos-aquae) ，研究者发现这种蓝绿藻会产生毒素。[26]一些报告记录了服用蓝绿藻后出现的过敏反应。动物研究表明，怀孕期间服用螺旋藻是比较安全的。[27,28,29]

　　有一份病历报告记录了一名男性在服用螺旋藻后出现了肝脏损伤。[30]由于该男性同时还服用三种处方药，所以很难明确是否是螺旋藻导致了肝损伤。

　　目前为止，还没有发现蓝绿藻与其它药物之间存在相互作用。

参考文献

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3. Miranda MS, Cintra RG, Barros SB, et al. Antioxidant activity of the microalga Spirulina maxima. Braz J Med Biol Res 1998;31:1075-9 [in Spanish].
4. Ayehunie S, Belay A, Baba TW, et al. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by an aqueous extract of Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis). J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1998;18:7-12.
5. Hayashi K, Hayashi T, Kojima I. A natural sulfated polysaccharide, calcium spirulan, isolated from Spirulina platensis: in vitro and ex vivo evaluation of anti-herpes simplex virus and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activities. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1996;12:1463-71.
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18. Paredes-Carbajal MC, Torres-Duran PV, Diaz-Zagoya JC, et al. Effects of dietary Spirulina maxima on endothelium dependent vasomotor responses of rat aortic rings. Life Sci 1997;61:PL 211-9.
19. Iwata K, Inayama T, Kato T. Effects of Spirulina platensis on plasma lipoprotein lipase activity in fructose-induced hyperlipidemic rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1990;36:165-71.
20. Gonzalez de Rivera C, Miranda-Zamora R, Diaz-Zagoya JC, et al. Preventive effect of Spirulina maxima on the fatty liver induced by a fructose-rich diet in the rat, a preliminary report. Life Sci 1993;53:57-61.
21. Becker EW, Jakober B, Luft D, et al. Clinical and biochemical evaluations of the alga Spirulina with regard to its application in the treatment of obesity. A double-blind crossover study. Nutr Rep Int 1986;33:565-73.
22. Nakaya N, Homma Y, Goto Y. Cholesterol lowering effect of Spirulina. Nutr Rep Int 1988;37:1329-37.
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